Author: Author: Richard Pateau

NAT is a mechanism performed by a router that translates private IP addresses in the RFC 1918 range to one or more globally unique public IP addresses that can be routed over the Internet. In NAT there are specific names of these addresses. In NAT there is an inside local, inside global, outside local, and…

Today I am going to talk about NAT (Network Address Translation.) IP addresses are assigned to device interfaces and serve as an identifier for a specific device when communicating with other devices whether internally and externally. An IP address, specifically the destination IP address enables the router to send packets toward the next hop. Since…

Today I am going to talk about FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol.) FTP is a TCP protocol on port 20 and 21, while TFTP operates on UDP port 69. TFTP and FTP are both used to transfer files over an IP network. They both use a client-server model where a…

Today I am going to talk about NTP (Network Time Protocol). NTP is a UDP protocol (port 123) that is used to synchronize the clocks of network devices on a network. NTP usually has a source that serves as the ultimate time source where all the devices receive their time from. The reason why NTP…

SSH stands for Secure Shell and is mostly used on UDP port 22. SSH is a protocol that is used to remotely access network devices such as routers, switches, APs and many more devices. These SSH sessions are mostly for management and provide a convenient way to manage and verify configuration states without having to…

Hi, today I am going to dive into the syslog monitoring locations. Syslog is one of the major logging protocols that allow network devices such as routers, switches, APs, or firewalls to generate, store, and send event notifications to a centralized logging or external server. Syslog is versatile in where these messages can be displayed…

Today I am going to talk about syslog. Syslog is a UDP (port 514) protocol that is the standard for logging where it allows network devices to generate, store and send event based notifications to a centralized server. If you have been doing any type of labs, you have definitely seen a syslog message as…

In recent blogs, I’ve written about SNMP and how it works. SNMP is a great protocol for monitoring network devices on an IP network. There are currently 3 versions of SNMP and all of them have different ways of implementing security. The latest version of SNMP which is version 3 is the most secure, with…

SNMP is a network management protocol used to manage and monitor network devices on an IP network. It is an application layer protocol that is run in an agent-manager model. SNMP communication is initiated by both the manager and the agent, depending on the type of operation. Today I am going to discuss the various…

Today I am going to talk about SNMP which stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. This is an application-layer protocol that is used to monitor, configure, and manage network devices on an IP network. This protocol is an agent-manager model, where both the agent and the manager communicate to each other exchanging information that is…