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AI and Machine Learning for CCNA
Today I will be discussing AI and machine learning. AI is a type of computer science that focuses on building systems that can perform human tasks that typically require human intelligence such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, decision making, perception, and understanding language. The reason why AI is powerful is because it doesn’t have to…
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WLC Interfaces
Today I am going to be discussing the different types of WLC interfaces which are: Management Interface – The management interface is the primary logical (not tied to a physical port) interface used for controller management and supporting its day to day wireless operations. There are three main roles that a management interface is used…
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Wireless Security: WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3, 802.1X, EAP, and Enterprise Authentication
Today I am going to be discussing wireless security and talk about both legacy security protocols and newer more secure protocols. Ever since wireless has been used to provide network access, there have been many attempts to make it secure. A good security protocol will cover these three components which are: WEP – One of…
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Cisco Lightweight AP Modes: Local, Monitor, Sniffer, Rogue Detector, and FlexConnect
As you probably notice, if you’ve read recent articles, APs do not just operate in one mode. They typically have multiple operations that can be used for different purposes. Today I will be discussing the different types of modes that can be used with Lightweight APs. Local – Local mode is the default operating mode…
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Autonomous AP vs Lightweight AP: Wireless LAN Architectures
When it comes to wireless, not all APs are made the same. The most popular type of APs either follow a centralized architecture or a decentralized architecture. Today I will be discussing autonomous APs vs lightweight APs. Autonomous AP – Autonomous APs follow a “decentralized architecture,” where each AP can function independently. An autonomous AP…
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802.11 Frame Types: Data, Management, and Control Frames in Wi-Fi Networks
When it comes to wireless there isn’t just one kind of frame. There are three main types of frame classification types and they are data frames, management frames, and control frames. Each frame type has their own subtypes and serves different purposes. Data Frames – In 802.11 Frames, data frames are used to carry…
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Wireless Client Association Process: Discovery, Authentication, and Association in 802.11 Wi-Fi
Today I am going to be discussing the association process when a client is trying to connect a wireless network. The “association process” typically takes three steps. Network Discovery Phase 1 The first step is the discovery phase. The discovery can either be through active scanning or passive scanning. The type of frames used during…
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802.11 Frame Breakdown
Just like Ethernet transportation which supports an ethernet frame and IP transportation which supports IPv4/6 headers, wireless has its own header and frame format. An 802.11 Frame carries traffic from one wireless device to another device over the wireless network. An 802.11 frame is commonly referred to as a MAC (Media Access Control) frame. A…
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Wireless AP Modes (WGB, Outdoor Bridge, Repeater, Mesh MBSS)
Besides functioning as an WAP (Wireless Access Point) that just provides wireless access to client devices, APs are able to have different types of functions in addition to this. These are: WGB- WGB (Workgroup Bridge) is a wireless configuration in which an AP becomes a wireless client to connect a group of wired devices such…
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Wireless LAN Architecture: SSID, BSS, ESS, DS, BSSID, and Roaming in WiFi Networks
Today I am going to talk about the structure of wireless networks such as SSID (Service Set Identifier), BSS (Basic Service Set), and ESS (Extended Service Set.) SSID- An SSID (Service Set Identifier) is the name of a wireless network that a user sees when they scan for available WiFi connections/networks on their devices. An…